A discussion of the pitfalls associated with the design, operation and maintenance of storage and distribution systems in pharmaceutical water applications William V. Collentro 1. Storage Tank Sizing – Make-up and Draw-off Flow Rate Considerations Most compendial water systems include storage tanks with excessive capacity. The emphasis on capacity appears related to a “safety cushion” in the event of failure of the water purification components in Purified Water (PWS) or Water for Injection (WFI) Systems. It is difficult to justify this concern based on cost savings associated with reduction in water purification system capacity. Storage systems sizing should consider “turnover”. This is a unique function for each system and includes items such as make-up flow rate, maximum daily demand, maximum instantaneous flow rate, time...
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